Command history features enable the user to recall previous commands issued.System variables can be set at the command line, or the values of those variables displayed.Command pipes enable users to direct the output of one program to be the input for another program ("piping" the flow of data).Scripting capability enables users to write programs that can be run on the system from the command line.When successfully invoked, a batch program runs its commands which may include both system commands and executable programs.ĬLI is more than a simple command/response system, as most have additional features that make one preferable to another. batch programs (or batch files or shell scripts) which are text files listing a sequence of commands.executable programs that, when successfully invoked, run text-based or graphical applications and.system commands that are encoded as part of the operating system interface.Types of CLI commands include the following: Once a computer system is running, its CLI opens on a blank screen with a command prompt and commands can be entered. Shell scripting is the foundation of basic systems management automation. Most command line shells can save sequences of commands in a script or batch file which may be fully programmable. To get the greatest benefit from using a CLI shell, users should learn a scripting language. Other shells, including the C shell, Z shell and others, can be configured as the default system shell.īecause the shell is only one layer above the OS, users can perform operations that are not available in other interface types, such as moving files within system folders and deleting locked files. Linux and other Unix-based operating systems usually provide the Bourne-Again Shell (bash) as the default shell.The Windows Subsystem for Linux also provides a CLI with access to the underlying system. Microsoft Windows includes the Command Prompt app as well as the PowerShell application, both of which can be used to interact directly with the computer.An OS may have more than one shell available, as in the following examples: A shell operates like an application and can be replaced as needed. Shells are the outermost layer of the OS and are often separated from the underlying OS kernel. Two well-known CLI shells are PowerShell for Windows and Bash for Linux and macOS. The software that handles the command-line interface is commonly referred to as a command language interpreter, a command processor or command interpreter. GUI-based shells are considered easier for beginners to use, but they also include a CLI-based shell for system administrators or power users who prefer to interact at a command prompt.īash is the most commonly used command-line shell for Unix-based OSes including Linux.CLI-based shells offer users a concise and efficient mode of interacting with the OS, without requiring the overhead of a graphical user interface.The following are the two types of operating system shells: The shell defines the boundary between inside and outside. The shell gives users (or other programs) a way to get "inside" the system to run programs or manage configurations. In computing, a shell program provides access to an operating system's components. The command line remains an important tool for IT professionals, software developers, sys admins, network administrators and many others who prefer a more precise and reproduceable interface to their systems. The command line dropped in popularity following the introduction of GUI-based personal computer OSes like Microsoft Windows and Apple's "classic" Mac OS in the 1980s. In addition, programming language development platforms such as Python can support command-line interfaces. The MS-DOS operating system and the command shell in the Windows operating system are examples of command-line interfaces. Most current Unix-based systems offer both a command-line interface and a graphical user interface. Today, most vendors offer the graphical user interface ( GUI) as the default for operating systems (OSes) such as Windows, Linux and macOS. CLIs accept as input commands that are entered by keyboard the commands invoked at the command prompt are then run by the computer. Command-line interfaces are also called command-line user interfaces, console user interfaces and character user interfaces. Gillis, Technical Writer and EditorĪ command-line interface (CLI) is a text-based user interface ( UI) used to run programs, manage computer files and interact with the computer.
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